Sezvo chiedza chinofamba muchadenga, chinotambanudzwa nokuwedzera kwechadenga.Ichi ndicho chikonzero zvinhu zvakawanda zviri kure zvinopenya mu infrared, iyo ine urefu hwakareba kupfuura chiedza chinooneka.Hatigoni kuona chiedza chekare ichi neziso rakashama, asi James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) yakagadzirirwa kuitora, ichiratidza mamwe emapoka enyeredzi ekutanga akamboumbwa.
Aperture Masking: A perforatedsimbindiro inovharira kunze kwechiedza chichipinda muteresikopu, ichichibvumira kutevedzera interferometer inosanganisa data kubva kune akawanda materesikopu kuti iwane sarudzo yepamusoro pane imwe lenzi.Iyi nzira inoburitsa zvakawanda muzvinhu zvinopenya zvakanyanya zviri pedyo, senyeredzi mbiri dziri pedyo mudenga.
Micro Gate Array: Giridhi ye248,000 magedhi madiki anogona kuvhurwa kana kuvharwa kuyera spectrum - kupararira kwechiedza kudzika kusvika kune iyo constituent wavelengths - pamapoinzi zana mune imwe furemu.
Spectrometer: Girisi kana prism inoparadzanisa mwenje wechiitiko kuita spectrum kuratidza kusimba kwemafungu ega ega.
Makamera: JWST ine makamera matatu - maviri anotora mwenje mupedyo infrared wavelengths uye imwe inotora mwenje mukati me infrared wavelengths.
Integral field unit: Iyo yakasanganiswa kamera uye spectrometer inotora mufananidzo pamwe chete ne spectrum yepixel imwe neimwe, ichiratidza kuti chiedza chinoshanduka sei mumunda wekuona.
Coronagraphs: Kupenya kubva kunyeredzi dzakajeka kunogona kuvharidzira kunze kwechiedza chisina kujeka kubva kumapuraneti nemarara disks anotenderera nyeredzi idzodzo.Coronographs madenderedzwa asina kujeka anovharira kupenya kwenyeredzi uye anobvumira masaini asina simba kupfuura.
Fine Guidance Sensor (FGS)/Near Infrared Imager uye Slitless Spectrometer (NIRISS): Iyo FGS kamera inonongedza inobatsira kunongedza teresikopu munzira kwayo.Yakaputirwa neNIRISS ine kamera uye spectrometer inogona kutora pedyo infrared mifananidzo uye spectra.
Pedyo neInfrared Spectrometer (NIRSpec): Iyi yakasarudzika spectrometer inogona panguva imwe chete kuwana 100 spectra kuburikidza nemhando yemicroshutters.Ichi ndicho chiridzwa chekutanga chemuchadenga chinokwanisa kuita spectral ongororo yezvinhu zvakawanda panguva imwe chete.
Pedyo neInfrared Kamera (NIRCam): Iyo chete iri pedyo infrared chiridzwa chine coronagraph, NIRCam ichave yakakosha chishandiso chekudzidza exoplanets ane mwenje waizovharika nekupenya kwenyeredzi dziri pedyo.Ichatora yakakwirira-resolution pedyo-infrared mifananidzo uye spectra.
Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI): Iyi kamera/spectrograph musanganiswa ndiyo yega chiridzwa chiri muJWST chinogona kuona chepakati-infrared chiedza chinoburitswa nezvinhu zvinotonhorera zvakaita semarara disks akatenderedza nyeredzi nemagalaxi ari kure kwazvo.
Masayendisiti aifanira kugadzirisa kushandura data mbishi yeJWST kuita chimwe chinhu chinogona kufarirwa nemaziso emunhu, asi mifananidzo yayo “ndeyechokwadi,” akadaro Alyssa Pagan, mainjiniya wesainzi paSpace Telescope Science Institute.“Izvi ndizvo chaizvo zvataiona kudai taivapo?Mhinduro ndeyokuti aiwa, nokuti maziso edu haana kugadzirwa kuti aone muinfrared, uye materesikopu anonzwisisa zvikuru chiedza kupfuura maziso edu.”Maonero akawedzerwa eteresikopu anotibvumira kuona zvinhu zvemuchadenga izvi sezvazviri chaizvo kupfuura zvinoita maziso edu ane zvishoma.JWST inogona kutora mapikicha ichishandisa mafirita anosvika makumi maviri nemanomwe anotora akasiyana siyana eiyo infrared spectrum.Masayendisiti anotanga kupatsanura iro rinonyanya kushandura renji yemufananidzo wakapihwa uye kuyera kukosha kwekupenya kuratidza ruzivo rwakawanda sezvinobvira.Ivo vakabva vapa yega yega infrared sefa ruvara mune inooneka spectrum - mapfupi ewavelengths akave ebhuruu, nepo akareba wavelengths akasvibira nekutsvuka.Zviise pamwechete uye iwe unosara uine yakajairika chena chiyero, musiyano uye mavara marongero ayo chero mutori wemifananidzo angangoita.
Nepo mifananidzo yakazara yemavara ichishamisa, zvakawanda zvinonakidza zvakawanikwa zviri kuitwa imwe wavelength panguva.Pano, chiridzwa cheNIRSpec chinoratidza akasiyana maficha eTarantula Nebula kuburikidza neakasiyanafilters.Semuyenzaniso, atomic hydrogen (blue) inoburitsa masaisai kubva kunyeredzi yepakati nemabhuru akaipoteredza.Pakati pawo pane mavara e-molecular hydrogen (girinhi) uye yakaoma hydrocarbons (tsvuku).Humbowo hunoratidza kuti nyeredzi iri mukona yezasi yekurudyi yefuremu iri kufuridza huruva negasi yakananga kunyeredzi yepakati.
Ichi chinyorwa chakatanga kuburitswa muScientific American 327, 6, 42-45 (Zvita 2022) se "Kuseri Kwemifananidzo".
Jen Christiansen mukuru wemifananidzo mupepeti paScientific American.Tevera Christiansen pa Twitter @ChristiansenJen
ndiye Mupepeti Mukuru weSpace uye Fizikisi paScientific American.Ane dhigirii reBachelor mune zvemuchadenga nefizikisi kubva kuWesleyan University uye dhigirii remasters musainzi journalism kubva kuYunivhesiti yeCalifornia, Santa Cruz.Tevera Moskowitz paTwitter @ClaraMoskowitz.Mufananidzo nerubatsiro rwaNick Higgins.
Ziva sainzi iri kushandura nyika.Ongorora dura redu redhijitari rekutanga ku1845, kusanganisira zvinyorwa kubva kune vanopfuura zana nemakumi mashanu vakahwina mubairo weNobel.